Self-powered optical fiber biosensor integrated with enzymes for non-invasive glucose sensing

To alleviate the discomfort associated with frequent blood glucose detection in diabetic patients, a novel non-invasive tear glucose biosensor has been developed. This involved the design and preparation of a photoelectrochemical probe based on an optical fiber and biological enzymes. One end of the optical fiber connects to a light source, acting as an energy source and imparting, self-powered capability to the biosensor. The opposite end is loaded with nanomaterials and glucose oxidase, designed for insertion into the sample to realize photoelectrochemical sensing. This innovative configuration not only improves the integration of the biosensor but is also suitable for analyzing minuscule voluminal samples. The results show that the proposed biosensor exhibits a linear range from 10 nM to 100 μM, possesses a low detection limit of 4.1 nM and a short response time of 0.7 s. Benefiting from the high selectivity of the enzyme, the proposed biosensor demonstrates excellent resistance to the interference of common tear components. In summary, this work provides a more effective method for non-invasive glucose detection and affords valuable ideas for the design and fabrication of non-invasive and self-powered biosensors.