[Reflections on the inner limiting membrane peeling and its derivatives in macular hole surgery]

Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling is a critical step in the process of macular hole surgery, giving rise to various modified techniques such as ILM flip-over coverage, ILM and other tissue tamponade procedures, and foveal-sparing ILM peeling. All these approaches aim to improve the postoperative closure rate of macular holes. The goal of macular hole surgery is to better preserve the integrity of the foveal center structure, with the aim of achieving functional recovery on the basis of anatomical restoration. However, in clinical practice, there is a tendency to excessively choose certain surgical methods solely to pursue the closure rate of the hole, which may not be beneficial for the visual function recovery of the patients. This article discusses how to correctly select the internal limiting membrane and its derivative procedures in macular hole surgery, combining clinical practice and relevant domestic and international research literature. It aims to provide insights for colleagues performing macular hole surgery as a reference regarding this clinical focus issue.