Projection mapping technologies: A review of current trends and future directions

This study summarizes current trends and future directions in projection mapping technologies. Projection mapping seamlessly merges the virtual and real worlds through projected imagery onto physical surfaces, creating an augmented reality environment. Beyond traditional applications in advertising, art, and entertainment, various fields, including medical surgery, product design, and telecommunications, have embraced projection mapping. This study categorizes recent techniques that address technical challenges in accurately replicating desired appearances on physical surfaces through projected imagery into four groups: geometric registration, radiometric compensation, defocus compensation, and shadow removal. It subsequently introduces unconventional projectors developed to resolve specific technical issues and discusses two approaches for overcoming the inherent limitations of projector hardware, such as the inability to display images floating above physical surfaces. Finally, this study concludes the discussion with possible future directions for projection mapping technologies.