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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

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Mohammed A Ibrahem^1,2, Emanuele Verrelli³, Ali M Adawi³

¹Laser Sciences and Technology Branch, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Al-Sinaa Street, Baghdad 10066, Iraq.

|March 11, 2024

Summary

Gold nanoparticles enhance titanium dioxide (TiO2) photodetector performance by improving visible light sensitivity and faster UV response. This plasmonic coupling improves defect-related photocurrent and offers new ways to study metal oxide semiconductors.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Photocatalysis

Background:

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor with applications in photocatalysis and photodetectors.
Defect states in TiO2 can influence its optoelectronic properties.
Surface plasmon resonances in metal nanoparticles can interact with semiconductor materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the coupling between gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and TiO2 defect states.
To evaluate the effect of this coupling on TiO2 photoconductivity in the UV and visible spectrum.
To understand the mechanisms behind plasmon-enhanced photoconductivity.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of TiO2 photodetectors incorporating a 2 nm Au NP layer.
Characterization of photoconductivity under UV and visible illumination.
Analysis of trapping pathways and photocurrent enhancement.
Investigation of hot electron injection (HEI) and plasmonic resonance energy transfer (PRET).

Main Results:

The 2 nm Au NP layer introduced additional trapping pathways in TiO2.
A faster current decay was observed under UV illumination.
Significant enhancement of visible photocurrent in TiO2, with an 8-fold increase in defect-related photocurrent.
Both HEI and PRET were identified as contributing mechanisms.

Conclusions:

Plasmonic coupling between Au NPs and TiO2 defect states enhances below-band-edge photoconductivity.
This approach offers a method to probe and examine surface defects in metal oxide semiconductors.
The findings provide insights for designing improved photodetector devices.