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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

130
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
130
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

56
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
56
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

41
Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
41
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

128
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
128
Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

49
Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
49
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

268
Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
268

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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[Treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorders].

Dominique Endres1, Lena Jelinek2, Katharina Domschke3,4

  • 1Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland. dominique.endres@uniklinik-freiburg.de.

Der Nervenarzt
|March 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects patients unresponsive to standard therapies. This review outlines diagnostic criteria, causes, and advanced treatment options including psychotherapy, medication, and neurostimulation.

Keywords:
AntidepressantsAugmentationComorbid disordersExposure treatmentSeverity

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
  • Neuroscience

Context:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) often require specialized treatment.
  • A significant patient subset shows limited response to standard cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
  • Understanding treatment resistance is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of treatment-resistant OCD.
  • To define criteria for diagnosing treatment resistance.
  • To explore causative factors and current therapeutic strategies.

Summary:

  • Treatment resistance in OCD is characterized by minimal improvement (<25% reduction on Y-BOCS) despite adequate therapy.
  • Potential causes include misdiagnosis, severity, comorbidities, substance use, and environmental factors.
  • Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations are based on the German S3 guideline for OCD.

Impact:

  • Offers guidance for clinicians managing complex OCD cases.
  • Highlights the availability of advanced treatment modalities beyond first-line therapies.
  • Aims to improve outcomes for patients with refractory OCD.