Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

3.1K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
3.1K
Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle01:08

Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle

4.4K
The Frost circle or the inscribed polygon method is a graphical method for determining the relative energies of π molecular orbitals (MOs) for planar, fully conjugated, and monocyclic compounds. This method was first described by A. A. Frost and Boris Musulin in 1953.
A Frost circle is constructed by drawing a polygon whose number of edges is equal to the number of carbons of the given cyclic system, with one of the vertices pointing down. Then, a circle is drawn enclosing the polygon so...
4.4K
Fischer Projections02:18

Fischer Projections

13.2K
Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines.
13.2K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons01:03

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons

2.4K
Protons in identical electronic environments within a molecule are chemically equivalent and have the same chemical shift. The replacement test is a useful tool to identify chemical equivalence and predict NMR spectra. A substituent replaces each of the protons being examined and the resulting molecules are compared. If the same molecule is obtained, the protons are equivalent or homotopic. Replacement of any hydrogens in ethane by chlorine yields chloroethane because all six protons are...
2.4K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.4K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.4K
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

3.9K
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sprayable bioadhesive microcarriers loaded with Tβ4-Engineered ADSC exosomes for diabetic wound healing.

Bioactive materials·2026
Same author

IL-22BP Attenuates Right Ventricular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Clinical science (London, England : 1979)·2026
Same author

Validation of Smartwatches Integrated With Photoplethysmography for Continuous Evaluation of Atrial Fibrillation Burden.

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology·2026
Same author

Female Sex Is Not a Uniform Risk Factor in Atrial Fibrillation.

JACC. Advances·2026
Same author

Short Sleep Duration Measured by Smartwatch Is Associated With Elevated Resting Heart Rate and Reduced Nocturnal Oxygen Saturation: Insights From Heartbeat.

Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology·2026
Same author

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure - preserved and reduced ejection fraction - real world evidence.

Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing·2026
Same journal

Intervention Feasible Region and Driver Risk Capacity Aware Human-Machine Collaborative Safe Trajectory Planning.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same journal

A Unified Differential Denoising Learning Framework With a Pre-Trained Model and Fuzzy Graph Networks for Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same journal

Self-Supervised Continuous Dynamic Graph Representation Learning via Hawkes Processes.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same journal

cPU: Consistent Risk Estimator for Positive-Unlabeled Learning.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same journal

Tuning-Free Latent Diffusion Models for Ultrahigh-Resolution Image Editing.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same journal

Hidden Data Recovery and Forecasting via Next-Generation Reservoir Computing With Multiscale Delay Selection.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
05:39

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Published on: March 18, 2019

5.2K

Permutation Equivariant Graph Framelets for Heterophilous Graph Learning.

Jianfei Li, Ruigang Zheng, Han Feng

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
    |March 11, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a new graph framelet method for graph neural networks (GNNs) to better handle complex heterophilous graphs. The proposed model demonstrates superior performance on challenging graph datasets.

    More Related Videos

    Using Three-color Single-molecule FRET to Study the Correlation of Protein Interactions
    11:22

    Using Three-color Single-molecule FRET to Study the Correlation of Protein Interactions

    Published on: January 30, 2018

    10.1K
    Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
    08:03

    Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

    Published on: December 7, 2021

    2.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

    Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
    05:39

    Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

    Published on: March 18, 2019

    5.2K
    Using Three-color Single-molecule FRET to Study the Correlation of Protein Interactions
    11:22

    Using Three-color Single-molecule FRET to Study the Correlation of Protein Interactions

    Published on: January 30, 2018

    10.1K
    Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
    08:03

    Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

    Published on: December 7, 2021

    2.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Graph Neural Networks
    • Deep Learning on Graphs
    • Computational Graph Theory

    Background:

    • Heterophilous graphs present unique challenges for traditional graph neural network (GNN) models.
    • Existing GNN architectures often struggle with aggregations beyond immediate neighbors in complex graph structures.
    • The distinct nature of heterophilous graphs necessitates novel approaches for effective data representation and analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel multiscale extraction technique for graph data.
    • To construct Haar-type graph framelets with properties of permutation equivariance, efficiency, and sparsity.
    • To design and evaluate a graph framelet neural network model for deep learning on graphs.

    Main Methods:

    • Construction of Haar-type graph framelets enabling multiscale feature extraction.
    • Development of the permutation equivariant graph framelet augmented network (PEGFAN) model.
    • Empirical evaluation on synthetic and nine benchmark heterophilous graph datasets.

    Main Results:

    • The PEGFAN model achieves state-of-the-art performance on specific heterophilous graph datasets.
    • The model shows particular strength on larger and denser heterophilous graph structures.
    • Competitive performance is observed across a range of heterophilous graph benchmarks.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed graph framelet approach effectively addresses limitations of existing GNNs on heterophilous graphs.
    • PEGFAN offers a powerful new tool for deep learning tasks involving complex graph data.
    • This work advances the capabilities of GNNs in analyzing non-homophilous graph structures.