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Populism, Economic Distress, Cultural Backlash, and Identity Threat: Integrating Patterns and Testing Cross-National
Efisio Manunta1,2, Maja Becker1, Vivian L Vignoles3
1CLLE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, France.
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|March 12, 2024
Summary
Populist ideology endorsement is linked to both economic distress and cultural backlash. Identity threat to belonging significantly mediates these pathways, showing cross-national patterns in liberal democracies.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Political Science
- Sociology
Background:
- Populism is increasingly prevalent in liberal democracies worldwide.
- Understanding the sociopsychological drivers of populist ideology is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the sociopsychological underpinnings of populist ideology endorsement.
- To test economic distress and cultural backlash patterns as predictors of populism.
- To examine the mediating role of identity threat.
Main Methods:
- Online cross-sectional survey conducted across five countries (Chile, France, Italy, Romania, UK) with 9,105 adult participants.
- Multigroup structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data.
- Investigated relative deprivation, identity threat, anomie, and collective narcissism as predictors.
Main Results:
- Both economic distress and cultural backlash patterns significantly predicted populist ideology endorsement.
- Identity threat to belonging acted as a significant partial mediator in both pathways.
- An integrative model confirmed that these patterns are not mutually exclusive.
Conclusions:
- Identity threat to belonging is a key explanatory mediator in the rise of populism.
- The identified sociopsychological patterns are generalizable across diverse national contexts.
- Findings highlight the complex interplay of economic and cultural factors in populist support.
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