Electronic structure modulation of iron sites with fluorine coordination enables ultra-effective H₂O₂ activation

Electronic structure modulation of active sites is critical important in Fenton catalysis as it offers a promising strategy for boosting H₂O₂ activation. However, efficient generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) is often limited to the unoptimized coordination environment of active sites. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of iron oxyfluoride (FeOF), whose iron sites strongly coordinate with the most electronegative fluorine atoms in a characteristic moiety of F-(Fe(III)O₃)-F, for effective H₂O₂ activation with potent •OH generation. Results demonstrate that the fluorine coordination plays a pivotal role in lowering the local electron density and optimizing the electronic structures of iron sites, thus facilitating the rate-limiting H₂O₂ adsorption and subsequent peroxyl bond cleavage reactions. Consequently, FeOF exhibits a significant and pH-adaptive •OH yield (~450 µM) with high selectivity, which is 1 ~ 3 orders of magnitude higher than the state-of-the-art iron-based catalysts, leading to excellent degradation activities against various organic pollutants at neutral condition. This work provides fundamental insights into the function of fluorine coordination in boosting Fenton catalysis at atomic level, which may inspire the design of efficient active sites for sustainable environmental remediation.