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Dietary Patterns Associated with Breast Cancer in the Middle East: A Scoping Review
Syed Zamzam1, Suad Said1, Juman Yaghi1
1Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Science, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
Nutrients
|March 13, 2024
Summary
Dietary patterns significantly impact breast cancer (BC) risk in Middle Eastern women. Healthy diets rich in fiber and fats may lower BC probability, while unhealthy patterns increase risk.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Breast cancer (BC) is a leading malignancy among Arab women in the Middle East, with rising incidence and mortality rates.
- A significant research gap exists regarding the influence of dietary patterns (DPs) on BC in this specific demographic and region.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze existing research on the association between dietary patterns and breast cancer in Middle Eastern countries.
- To identify research gaps and discuss public health implications for BC prevention strategies in the region.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest, and Cochrane databases up to November 2023.
- Included studies published in English from 2000-2023, focusing on dietary patterns, their link to BC, and Middle Eastern regions.
Main Results:
- Research is predominantly concentrated in Iran, with limited data from Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Jordan, and a lack of studies from other Middle Eastern nations.
- Dietary interventions are strongly linked to BC occurrence, development, and prognosis.
- Protective DPs (e.g., Mediterranean, Plant-based) rich in fiber, healthy fats, and micronutrients were associated with decreased BC risk, while patterns high in unhealthy fats, sugar, and fried foods were linked to increased risk.
Conclusions:
- Dietary patterns play a crucial role in breast cancer risk within the Middle East.
- Specific dietary elements can either mitigate or exacerbate BC risk, highlighting the need for tailored public health and preventive strategies in the region.
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