Culinary Medicine or Culinary Nutrition? Defining Terms for Use in Education and Practice

Examination of how terms such as culinary nutrition, culinary nutrition science, culinary medicine, culinary nutrition professional, culinary nutrition intervention, culinary nutrition activity, and culinary nutrition competency are used in practice, and the creation of consensus definitions will promote the consistent use of these terms across work areas and disciplines. Thirty leading practitioners, academics, and researchers in the fields of food and nutrition across Australia, the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Europe, and Asia were approached by investigators via email to submit definitions of key terms using a Qualtrics survey link. Further participants were reached through snowball recruitment. Initial emails were sent in October and November 2021 with subsequent reminders between November 2021 and March 2022. Two researchers undertook content analysis of the text answers for each of the terms and generated definitions for discussion and consensus. Thirty-seven participants commenced the survey and twenty-three submitted one or more definitions. Agreed definitions fell into two categories: practice concepts and practitioners. Further discussion amongst investigators led to the creation of a visual map to demonstrate the interrelationship of terms. Culinary nutrition science underpins, and interprofessional collaboration characterizes practice in this area, however, further work is needed to define competencies and model best practice.