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Pathophysiological, immunological, and inflammatory features of long COVID
Karen Bohmwald1,2, Benjamín Diethelm-Varela1, Linmar Rodríguez-Guilarte1
1Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Long COVID, a persistent condition affecting 1 in 5 survivors, presents a significant public health challenge. Further research is crucial to understand its mechanisms and manage debilitating symptoms effectively.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread disruption, with a significant portion of survivors experiencing persistent symptoms post-infection, known as long COVID.
- Long COVID is emerging as a substantial public health concern, potentially affecting 20% of COVID-19 survivors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of long COVID, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and immunological profiles.
- To highlight the urgent need for further research into the mechanisms and management of long COVID.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes available information on long COVID from existing literature.
- Focuses on epidemiological data, proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, and immunological/inflammatory markers.
Main Results:
- A significant proportion of long COVID cases develop debilitating or disabling symptoms.
- The underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of long COVID remain largely undefined.
- Epidemiological data and immunological profiles are still being characterized.
Conclusions:
- Long COVID represents a critical emerging health issue requiring immediate scientific and public health attention.
- Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and immune responses is essential for effective management strategies.
- Further research is imperative to address the growing burden of long COVID on individuals and healthcare systems.
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