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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo

Published on: November 4, 2012

Engineered Microorganisms for Advancing Tumor Therapy.

Jinxuan Jia^1,2,3, Xiaocheng Wang⁴, Xiang Lin^2,4

¹Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|March 14, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered microorganisms offer a novel approach to cancer treatment, leveraging their tumor-targeting and antitumor capabilities. This review explores their design, applications, and future potential in advanced tumor therapy.

Keywords:

cancer treatment combination therapy drug delivery engineered microorganisms tumor targeting

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Published on: June 9, 2016

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Oncology
Microbiology

Background:

Engineered microorganisms present a promising therapeutic platform for cancer treatment.
These systems offer advantages over conventional therapies, including tumor targeting and in situ drug production.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the design, preparation, and application of engineered microorganisms in advanced tumor therapy.
To analyze innovative therapeutic strategies, design principles, and engineering approaches.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of engineered microorganism-based tumor therapy.
Analysis of representative engineered microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, microalgae, fungi).

Main Results:

Engineered microorganisms exhibit intrinsic tumor-targeting and immunogenic properties.
They facilitate in situ production of antitumor agents and possess synergistic functions.
Various engineered microorganisms show distinct advantages and limitations for tumor treatment.

Conclusions:

Engineered microorganisms represent a versatile platform for innovative cancer therapy paradigms.
Further research into challenges and prospects can accelerate clinical applications.