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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

341
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
341
Arteries of the Lower Limbs01:24

Arteries of the Lower Limbs

188
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

39
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
39
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

54
Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
54
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

396
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
396

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Cortical stimulation reveals effective disconnection of the epileptogenic network at seizure onset.

Epilepsia·2026
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Intrinsic and extrinsic connectivity of the seizure onset zone at rest and during stimulation.

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Low Frequency Stimulation and Seizure Induction in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Drug Resistant Epilepsy Undergoing Stereoelectroencephalography.

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Can electrical stimulation replace spontaneous seizures in epilepsy surgery?

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

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A pediatrician's guide to epilepsy surgery.

Ania Dabrowski1, Caren Armstrong1

  • 1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care
|March 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy surgery is a viable treatment for children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Pediatricians should be aware of surgical options to ensure timely referrals for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Pediatric epilepsyReferralSurgery

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Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy SEEG With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Epilepsy surgery has been an option for pediatric patients with medically refractory epilepsy since the mid-20th century.
  • Surgical procedures for epilepsy have expanded significantly over the past 30 years, including resections and neuromodulatory devices.
  • Many epilepsy patients who are candidates for surgery are not being referred, highlighting a gap in care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To inform pediatric providers about the process of determining epilepsy surgery candidacy.
  • To educate pediatricians on the outcomes of epilepsy surgery.
  • To empower healthcare providers to refer patients with medically refractory epilepsy for surgical evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • This article provides an overview of epilepsy surgery candidacy evaluation.
  • It discusses various surgical interventions available for pediatric epilepsy.
  • It reviews surgical outcomes based on existing literature.

Main Results:

  • Epilepsy surgery offers significant benefits for select pediatric patients.
  • Referral patterns suggest underutilization of surgical options for eligible patients.
  • Increased provider awareness can facilitate earlier and more appropriate referrals.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric providers play a crucial role in identifying and referring patients for epilepsy surgery.
  • Understanding surgical candidacy and outcomes is essential for optimizing treatment for refractory epilepsy.
  • Earlier referral to pediatric epilepsy centers can lead to better seizure control and quality of life.