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Multitrophic Higher-Order Interactions Modulate Species Persistence.

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    Higher-order interactions (HOIs) significantly alter species interactions, promoting community persistence. However, network structure changes can lead to single-species dominance, highlighting the interplay between HOIs and ecological networks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Community Ecology
    • Ecological Networks

    Background:

    • Ecologists increasingly acknowledge that species interactions are influenced by third-species densities.
    • The impact of higher-order interactions (HOIs) on species persistence is not well understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how HOIs from multiple trophic levels affect plant community composition.
    • To evaluate the consequences of HOIs on the persistence of competing plant species within a structured ecological network.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental mesocosm construction with three plant and three pollinator species in a nested network.
    • Estimation of pairwise interactions and HOIs involving plants and pollinators.
    • Structuralist approach to assess HOIs' impact on plant species persistence probabilities.

    Main Results:

    • HOIs significantly alter the strength and sign of pairwise plant interactions, enhancing opportunities for multispecies community persistence.
    • Modification of the network structure by removing a plant-pollinator link altered interactions and HOIs, leading to a single-species community.

    Conclusions:

    • HOIs play a crucial role in redistributing interaction strengths and promoting community persistence.
    • Both HOIs and ecological network structure are critical determinants of species persistence in diverse communities.