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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

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3D Analysis of Joint-Sparing Charcot-Marie-Tooth Surgery Effect on Initial Standing Foot Alignment.

Jae Hwang Song¹, Max P Michalski², Glenn B Pfeffer²

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea.

Foot & Ankle International

|March 16, 2024

Summary

Joint-sparing surgery significantly corrects complex cavovarus foot deformities in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. Weightbearing CT scans show improved alignment, with talonavicular joint correction being key for multiplanar deformity resolution.

Keywords:

3D measurements CMT Charcot-Marie-Tooth cavovarus joint sparing surgery weightbearing CT

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Medical imaging
Biomechanical analysis

Background:

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease causes complex cavovarus foot deformities.
Evaluating these deformities and surgical correction outcomes is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the correction of cavovarus foot alignment after joint-sparing surgery in CMT patients.
To assess the effectiveness of weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) in measuring these corrections.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 29 CMT cavovarus reconstructions.
Utilized semiautomated software for 3D measurements of sagittal, axial, and coronal parameters using pre- and postoperative WBCT.
Compared patient data with normative values and analyzed correlations.

Main Results:

Significant improvement in hindfoot and forefoot malalignment in sagittal, axial, and coronal planes post-surgery (P < .05).
Sagittal Meary angle, axial talonavicular angle (TNA), and coronal hindfoot alignment showed significant positive changes (P < .001).
Outcomes for hindfoot and forefoot parameters were comparable to normative values.

Conclusions:

Joint-sparing CMT cavovarus reconstruction effectively improves multiplanar deformities.
Correction at the talonavicular joint, particularly in the axial plane, strongly correlates with overall deformity correction.
Soft tissue releases and talonavicular joint correction are crucial for successful cavovarus foot correction in CMT.