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Fluid ejections in nature.

Elio J Challita1,2, Pankaj Rohilla1, M Saad Bhamla1,2

  • 1School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.

Arxiv
|March 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological fluid ejections, from fungi to whales, are vital. This review explores their complex physics, governing forces, and engineering applications.

Keywords:
Biofluid DynamicsBioinspired designDropletFluid InterfacesJetsNozzleOrganismal BiophysicsPhysics of Living Systems

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Fluidic ejections are a universal biological phenomenon, crucial for functions like excretion, spore dispersal, and prey capture across diverse organisms.
  • These ejections range from microscopic fungal spore dispersal to large-scale whale exhalations, involving both active muscle-driven and passive osmotic/gravitational mechanisms.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes the complex fluid physics governing biological ejections across various scales.
  • A framework using dimensionless numbers is introduced to classify ejection behaviors, distinguishing between dripping and jetting regimes.
  • The study examines both active (muscle-powered) and passive (gravity/osmosis-driven) ejection systems.

Key Points:

  • The physics of complex fluids in biological ejections remain understudied.
  • Understanding governing forces and transitions (e.g., dripping to jetting) is essential.
  • Identifies potential bioinspired engineering applications in soft robotics, additive manufacturing, and drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • This work integrates biomechanics, living systems physics, and fluid dynamics to explain biological ejections.
  • It provides a comprehensive overview of the biophysics of fluid ejections, highlighting their diversity and importance.
  • The findings open avenues for future bioinspired research and technological innovation.