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Updated: May 1, 2026

Noninvasive In Vivo Small Animal MRI and MRS: Basic Experimental Procedures
Published on: October 20, 2009
What N Is N-ough for MRI-Based Animal Neuroimaging?
Joanes Grandjean1,2, Evelyn M R Lake3,4, Marco Pagani5,6
1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen 6500HB, The Netherlands joanes.grandjean@radboudumc.nl francesca.mandino@yale.edu.
None:
Fueled by the recent and controversial brain-wide association studies in humans, the animal neuroimaging community has also begun questioning whether using larger sample sizes is necessary for ethical and effective scientific progress. In this opinion piece, we illustrate two opposing views on sample size extremes in MRI-based animal neuroimaging.
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