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Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications

Published on: April 30, 2014

ACL anatomy: Is there still something to learn?

R Morales-Avalos¹, E M Torres-González², J R Padilla-Medina²

¹Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey, Nuevo León, México; Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.

Revista Espanola De Cirugia Ortopedica Y Traumatologia

|March 20, 2024

Summary

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) shows significant anatomical variability in size, shape, and attachment sites. Understanding this morphology is crucial for personalized ACL reconstruction and surgical planning.

Keywords:

ACL Anatomy Anatomía Bundles Footprint Haces LAC Morfología Morphology Pisada

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Sports Medicine
Anatomy

Background:

Knee anatomy, including bony and soft tissue structures, is extensively studied.
Recent literature reveals a wide range of research focusing on the anatomical aspects of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

Purpose of the Study:

To review current publications concerning the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
To address the morphology of the ACL, including its microscopic composition and macroscopic anatomy.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent publications on ACL anatomy and morphology.

Main Results:

The ACL is composed of 90% type I and 10% type III collagen.
Dimensions: length 27–38mm, width 10–12mm, cross-sectional area ~44mm²; shape resembles an hourglass.
Variability noted in bundle definitions (anteromedial, intermediate, posterolateral) and femoral/tibial footprints; supplied by the medial genicular artery and tibial nerve branches.

Conclusions:

Significant anatomical variability exists in the ACL and its attachment sites.
ACL footprint characteristics influence individualized reconstruction strategies.
Morphological variability, aging effects, and anatomical risk factors necessitate further research for surgical planning.