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Omics data analysis reveals the system-level constraint on cellular amino acid composition.

Yuanyuan Huang^1,2,3, Zhitao Mao^2,3, Yue Zhang^1,2,3

¹College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

|March 21, 2024

Summary

Organisms maintain a stable overall cellular protein composition (AACell) despite individual protein changes. This stability, observed across species strains, suggests underlying biological regulation of protein expression.

Keywords:

Amino acid composition Omics data System-level constraint

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Systems Biology

Background:

Proteins are fundamental to organismal traits, with their functions determined by amino acid sequences and folded structures.
Individual proteins exhibit dynamic changes in amino acid composition (AAP) and variable expression levels.
Understanding protein composition regulation is key to cellular function and adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the stability of the overall cellular amino acid composition (AACell) across different conditions and species.
To determine if system-level constraints regulate AACell despite variations in AAP and protein expression.

Main Methods:

Analysis of transcriptomics data from four model organisms.
Comparison of AACell across different strains within the same species.
Assessment of AACell stability under varying conditions.

Main Results:

A surprising stability in the overall cellular amino acid composition (AACell) was observed.
AACell showed significant consistency among distinct strains of the same species.
While AACell varied between species, it remained stable within strains despite changes in AAP and protein expression.

Conclusions:

Organisms possess system-level constraints that enforce a consistent AACell.
This stability highlights a regulatory mechanism balancing individual protein dynamics with overall cellular composition.
Further research into these mechanisms can illuminate cellular adaptation and protein expression regulation.