Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

One-Degree-of-Freedom System01:24

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

1.0K
In mechanical engineering, one-degree-of-freedom systems form the basis of a wide range of electrical and mechanical components. Using these models, engineers can predict the behavior of various parts in a larger system, which gives them insight into how different forces interact with each other.
A one-degree-of-freedom system is defined by an independent variable that determines its state and behavior. One example of a one-degree-of-freedom system is a simple harmonic oscillator, such as a...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Germinal Center-Like Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Mark Immune Responsiveness and Enable Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer.

Oncology research·2026
Same author

Tumor-infiltrating clonal hematopoiesis is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Blood cancer discovery·2026
Same author

Ultra-sensitive urine DNA methylation test enables early and accurate detection of bladder cancer.

Epigenomics·2026
Same author

Correction: mTORC1/S6K1 signaling promotes sustained oncogenic translation through modulating CRL3<sup>IBTK</sup>-mediated ubiquitination of eIF4A1 in cancer cells.

eLife·2026
Same author

A NEK2/ZWINT-NDC80 regulatory axis drives bladder cancer progression and chemoresistance.

Discover oncology·2026
Same author

Tumour-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Induce Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Progression Through Macrophage-Mediated MDSC Accumulation.

Journal of extracellular vesicles·2026
Same journal

Chemotactic self-organization captures the dynamics of mammalian hair follicle patterning.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Tomographic imaging of superconducting order using particle-hole interference.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory potential of autologous neutralizing antibodies sets quantitative limits on the rebound-competent HIV-1 reservoir.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inferring epidemiological parameters under an infectious phylogeography model with visitor dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Analytical modeling for suction cup designs for skin-interfaced wearable devices.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Improving cell-free metabolism through direct integration of artificial respiratory chains.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

11.6K

Single-step precision programming of decoupled multiresponsive soft millirobots.

Zhiqiang Zheng1, Jie Han1,2,3, Qing Shi4,5

  • 1Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel one-step method for creating multi-step shape-morphing soft millirobots (MSSMs). These robots respond to multiple stimuli independently, enabling complex movements and functions for advanced soft robotics applications.

Keywords:
environmental responseminiature robotsoft electronicssoft robotics

More Related Videos

Manufacturing, Control, and Performance Evaluation of a Gecko-Inspired Soft Robot
07:40

Manufacturing, Control, and Performance Evaluation of a Gecko-Inspired Soft Robot

Published on: June 10, 2020

13.9K
Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
05:43

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Published on: January 13, 2023

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

11.6K
Manufacturing, Control, and Performance Evaluation of a Gecko-Inspired Soft Robot
07:40

Manufacturing, Control, and Performance Evaluation of a Gecko-Inspired Soft Robot

Published on: June 10, 2020

13.9K
Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
05:43

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Published on: January 13, 2023

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Soft robotics
  • Materials science
  • Microfabrication

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive soft robots are crucial for medical, AI, and electronics applications.
  • Current designs struggle with precise control, complex transformations, and multi-stimuli responsiveness due to coupled responses and intricate fabrication.
  • There is a need for advanced soft robots with high degrees of freedom, multifunctionality, and fabrication accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel one-step strategy for programming multistep shape-morphing soft millirobots (MSSMs).
  • To achieve decoupled multi-stimuli responsiveness in MSSMs for enhanced functionality.
  • To enable precise fabrication of complex soft robotic structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multilayered elastomer and laser scanning technology for selective processing.
  • Achieved a minimum machining precision of 30 μm for intricate structures.
  • Developed a one-step strategy to program multistep shape-morphing in response to decoupled stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Fabricated MSSMs capable of imitating plant morphing and hand gestures, resembling kirigami, pop-up, and bistable structures.
  • Demonstrated decoupled responsiveness to humidity, temperature, and magnetic fields.
  • Showcased MSSMs performing shape morphing during locomotion, logic circuit control, and remote circuit repair.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed strategy enables effective design and fabrication of untethered soft miniature robots with physical intelligence.
  • Advances decoupled multiresponsive materials through modular tailoring of robotic structures and properties.
  • Presents a paradigm for creating multifunctional soft robots with high precision and complex shape-morphing capabilities.