Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Role of Amygdala in Memory

Role of Amygdala in Memory

The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
One of the...

Preparedness and Phobias

Preparedness and Phobias

Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Redefining Pavlovian conditioning.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2026

Same author

An Accidental Journey Into the Black Hole of the Hippocampus and How We Learned About What Makes a Context a Context.

Hippocampus·2025

Same author

Sex differences in temperature rhythm disruption after traumatic brain injury.

Experimental neurology·2025

Same author

Defensive behaviors and c-fos expression in the midbrain.

Integrative zoology·2024

Same author

Pavlovian or associative sensitization and its biological significance.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2024

Same author

Fear, defense, and emotion: A neuroethological understanding of the negative valence research domain criteria.

The American psychologist·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2025

A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

Published on: January 5, 2021

Remote memory in a Bayesian model of context fear conditioning (BaconREM).

Franklin B Krasne^1,2, Michael S Fanselow^1,2,3

¹Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

|March 22, 2024

Summary

A new model of remote memory (BaconREM) explains how fear conditioning becomes independent of the hippocampus over time. It also predicts how context reminders can reverse this process.

Keywords:

Bayesian context fear conditioning fear hippocampus neocortex remote memory systems consolidation

More Related Videos

Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice

Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice

Published on: March 20, 2014

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats

Published on: August 22, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2025

A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

Published on: January 5, 2021

Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice

Trace Fear Conditioning in Mice

Published on: March 20, 2014

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats

Fear Incubation Using an Extended Fear-Conditioning Protocol for Rats

Published on: August 22, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Computational Psychiatry

Background:

Context fear learning is crucial for survival.
Remote memories typically become independent of the hippocampus.
Existing models explain recent fear but not remote fear phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a computational model (BaconREM) of remote context fear memory.
To simulate and predict key aspects of remote fear memory consolidation.
To account for hippocampus-independence and generalization changes over time.

Main Methods:

Extension of the Bayesian overlapping network (BACON) model.
Computational simulation of rodent fear conditioning paradigms.
Analysis of memory consolidation and generalization under different conditions.

Main Results:

BaconREM predicts hippocampus-independence and hyper-generalization of remote fear.
The model accounts for the effects of systems consolidation on memory.
It also predicts that reminders can restore hippocampus-dependence and reduce generalization.

Conclusions:

BaconREM offers a unified explanation for remote fear memory phenomena.
The model suggests that remote contextual fear memory can reside in the neocortex.
It provides a framework for understanding memory consolidation and reconsolidation.