Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 30, 2025
11:14
Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture
Published on: October 12, 2018
9.2K
The Ongoing Process of HIV-Stigma (Re)Production
1Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Summary
HIV stigma impacts people living with HIV (PLWH) and hinders care. This study reveals how social interactions and societal structures, not just individual beliefs, perpetuate HIV stigma among Black gay and bisexual men.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- HIV stigma negatively impacts social experiences and challenges HIV prevention, treatment, and care for people living with HIV (PLWH).
- Existing research predominantly focuses on individual cognitive aspects of HIV stigma, neglecting the societal structures and interactions involved in its production.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the social interactions and societal structures that produce and reproduce HIV stigma.
- To understand the mechanisms of HIV stigma beyond individual attitudes.
Main Methods:
- Qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 Black gay and bisexual men living with HIV in the U.S. Deep South.
- The study employed qualitative analysis to identify patterns in the production and reproduction of HIV stigma.
Main Results:
- Findings indicate an interconnected set of processes, including social interactions (silence, euphemism, gossip), witnessed marginalization, HIV misinformation, and legal/policy frameworks.
- These factors collectively produce and perpetuate HIV stigma within the community.
Conclusions:
- Reducing HIV stigma requires addressing not only individual beliefs but also the broader social interactions and systemic structures that sustain it.
- Interventions must consider the complex interplay of social dynamics and societal systems to effectively combat HIV stigma.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
306
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
306
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
45.9K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
45.9K
00:36Viral Mutations
32.3K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.3K
01:20Infection
7.9K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
7.9K
00:57Viral Recombination
23.4K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.4K
02:09Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
37.6K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
37.6K