Fluoroquinolones: Neurological Complications and Side Effects in Clinical Practice

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Microbiology
• Clinical Medicine

Background:

• Fluoroquinolones are antibiotics inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis by targeting topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.
• Widespread use has led to significant antimicrobial resistance, reducing drug efficacy.
• These antibiotics are associated with numerous adverse effects, impacting various organ systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the efficacy and safety profile of fluoroquinolones.
• To highlight the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance associated with fluoroquinolone use.
• To emphasize the need for a comprehensive understanding of fluoroquinolone-induced side effects.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of fluoroquinolone pharmacology, resistance patterns, and clinical side effects.
• Analysis of reported neurological, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal adverse events.
• Evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio in current clinical practice.

Main Results:

• Fluoroquinolones demonstrate broad-spectrum activity but face challenges from microbial resistance.
• Adverse effects include neurological (psychosis, seizures), cardiovascular (aortic aneurysm, QT prolongation), and musculoskeletal (tendinitis, myopathy) issues.
• Reduced efficacy and significant side effect profiles question their suitability for many infections.

Conclusions:

• Fluoroquinolone efficacy is compromised by increasing bacterial resistance.
• The spectrum of serious side effects necessitates careful consideration of risks versus benefits.
• Further research into fluoroquinolone-mediated damage is essential for informed clinical application.