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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass.  One common type of ionization, known as electrospray ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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High-Performance, Low-Cost, Additively Manufactured Electrospray Ion Sources for Mass Spectrometry.

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Novel 3D-printed electrospray sources for mass spectrometry (MS) offer double the signal strength. These scalable emitters enhance clinical diagnostics through improved performance and stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Instrumentation

Background:

  • Current electrospray ionization sources for mass spectrometry (MS) face limitations in signal strength and scalability.
  • Need for improved emitter performance and integration into automated diagnostic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel 3D-printed electrospray sources with enhanced signal output and stability for mass spectrometry.
  • To demonstrate the potential for scalable manufacturing and integration into clinical diagnostic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of nano- and microscale-featured electrospray emitters using 3D printing (binder jetting) of stainless-steel (SS) 316L.
  • Coating emitters with zinc oxide nanowires (ZnONW) to tune surface properties.
  • Design of surface mount devices with integrated digital microfluidics and a novel extractor electrode for optimized operation.

Main Results:

  • 3D-printed electrospray sources achieved twice the signal strength compared to conventional counterparts.
  • Emitters demonstrated improved performance through simultaneous tuning of hydrophilicity, solvent evaporation, and geometry.
  • Detection of therapeutic targets at 1 μg/ml concentrations with significantly higher signal-to-noise ratios (116% for nicardipine) and enhanced stability.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing enables scalable fabrication of high-performance electrospray emitters for mass spectrometry.
  • The developed emitters represent a significant advancement for clinical diagnostics, offering improved sensitivity and reliability.
  • The integration capabilities pave the way for automated, microfluidic-based analytical devices.