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Related Concept Videos

The Hall Effect01:30

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Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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The operation of a p-n junction diode involves various biasing conditions, including forward bias, reverse bias, and equilibrium.
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The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Updated: Jun 30, 2025

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Nonlinear Hall Effect from Long-Lived Valley-Polarizing Relaxons.

Jae-Mo Lihm1, Cheol-Hwan Park1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea; and Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Physical Review Letters
|March 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers found a 60% enhancement in the nonlinear Hall effect of n-doped GeTe, challenging the Berry curvature dipole theory. Long-lived valley polarization due to electron-phonon scattering explains this novel frequency-dependent phenomenon.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Transport

Background:

  • The nonlinear Hall effect is often explained by the Berry curvature dipole in momentum space.
  • This interpretation has been widely adopted in condensed matter physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nonlinear Hall effect in n-doped Germanium Telluride (GeTe).
  • To explore deviations from the Berry curvature dipole model and identify underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing ab initio Boltzmann transport equations for theoretical calculations.
  • Analyzing electron-phonon scattering and its impact on electron distribution.

Main Results:

  • Observed a 60% enhancement in the nonlinear Hall effect of n-doped GeTe.
  • Identified a noticeable frequency dependence, differing from Berry curvature dipole predictions.
  • Attributed the discrepancies to long-lived valley polarization in the electron distribution.

Conclusions:

  • The Berry curvature dipole model is insufficient to explain the observed nonlinear Hall effect in n-doped GeTe.
  • Electron-phonon scattering induces valley polarization, significantly influencing transport properties.
  • Experimental verification of these findings is crucial.