Striated toolmarks comparison and reporting methods: Review and perspectives

Forensic toolmark examiners have been comparing features observed in toolmarks to help determine their source for over a century. However, in the past decade, the holistic process of comparing toolmarks and presenting findings in court have faced intense scrutiny. This paper provides a summary of the voiced criticisms, primarily concerning the scientific reliability and validity of the comparison methods employed by examiners and the conclusions they testify to. The focus of this review is specifically on the examination of striated toolmarks. We assess the comparison methods and reporting practices currently in use, while also delving deeper into research aligned with current recommendations, such as PCAST (The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology). Throughout the review, we examine both the strengths and weaknesses of existing practices, aiming to assist practitioners in identifying key research needs and addressing the concerns raised by critics. By doing so, we seek to enhance the credibility and effectiveness of toolmark analysis in the field of forensic science.