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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Catalysis02:50

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

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Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
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Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors
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Estimating Sediment Denitrification Rates Using Cores and N2O Microsensors

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Revisiting methane-dependent denitrification.

Mengxiong Wu1, Tao Liu1, Jianhua Guo1

  • 1Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.

Trends in Microbiology
|March 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A newly discovered bacterium, Methylomirabilis, can perform methane-dependent complete denitrification alone. This finding revises the understanding of the nitrogen and methane cycles, previously thought to require multiple microbial groups.

Keywords:
MethanoperedenaceaeMethylomirabilismethane-dependent denitrificationnitrite/nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation

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Author Spotlight: Designing Simple and Inexpensive Techniques to Grow Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria in the Laboratory
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Methane-dependent denitrification links global nitrogen and methane cycles.
  • Previously, this process was thought to require sequential steps performed by distinct archaeal and bacterial groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microbial mechanisms underlying methane-dependent denitrification.
  • To re-evaluate the established paradigm of microbial cooperation in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic and metabolic analyses of Methylomirabilis bacteria.
  • Enrichment cultures and incubation experiments.

Main Results:

  • A single Methylomirabilis bacterium was identified as capable of performing complete methane-dependent denitrification.
  • This bacterium can independently reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas using methane as an electron donor.

Conclusions:

  • The paradigm of a division of labor in methane-dependent denitrification is revised.
  • A single bacterial species can perform the entire process, simplifying our understanding of these crucial biogeochemical cycles.