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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Method for the Visualization and Assessment of Specific Parameters of the Pulmonary Veins
Published on: October 28, 2020
Improving Outcomes in Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: Novel Pursuits and Paradigm Shifts
1Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) remains a clinical challenge, with progressive restenosis being common. In the past five years, we have seen an exponential increase in both clinical and scientific publication related to PVS. Central to progress in PVS clinical care is the paradigm shift towards collaborative, multidisciplinary care that utilizes a multimodality approach to treatment. This manuscript will discuss recent conceptual gains in PVS treatment and research while highlighting important outstanding questions and barriers.
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