Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

3.5K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
3.5K
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

3.2K
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
3.2K
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

11.0K
Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
11.0K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

38.3K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
38.3K
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

2.0K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
2.0K
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

3.2K
The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Changes in Rate and Indications for Remplissage When Performing Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability.

The American journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

Clinical outcomes following treatment of distal biceps tendon partial tears and tendinopathy: a systematic review.

JSES reviews, reports, and techniques·2026
Same author

Outcomes of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair after Bariatric Surgery.

Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine·2026
Same author

Clinical and Radiographic Survival Rates of the Arthrex Univers VaultLock Uncemented Central-Peg All-Polyethylene Glenoid Component in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty at 2- and 5-Years Postoperatively.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2026
Same author

Mosaic: Single-Cell Atlas of Stress.

Cells·2026
Same author

In Vivo 3-Dimensional Glenohumeral Joint Geometry Based Upon Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Analysis Shows Deeper, Thicker, and Taller Glenoid Labrum Morphology at 12 O'Clock Position in Healthy Young Adults.

Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·2026
Same journal

Positive predictors of hip mosaicplasty outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis with knee comparison.

Annals of joint·2026
Same journal

Cartilage restoration procedures in patellofemoral stabilization.

Annals of joint·2026
Same journal

Technique and context matter in cryoneurolysis for knee osteoarthritis.

Annals of joint·2026
Same journal

Tibial graft fixation with residual tension controlled in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Annals of joint·2026
Same journal

All-arthroscopic release in treating knee stiffness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Annals of joint·2026
Same journal

A clinical practice review: augmentation of meniscoligamentous structures for primary prevention of knee joint deterioration.

Annals of joint·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

411

Bipolar bone loss and distance to dislocation.

Zachary J Herman1, Ehab M Nazzal1, Laura Keeling1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Annals of Joint
|March 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone loss in shoulder instability is common. New concepts like glenoid track (GT) and distance to dislocation (DTD) help guide surgical decisions for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Anterior shoulder instabilityHill-Sachs lesionbipolar bone lossglenoid bone loss“distance to dislocation” (DTD)

More Related Videos

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

17.5K
A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice
09:41

A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2015

15.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device

Published on: November 8, 2024

411
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

17.5K
A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice
09:41

A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2015

15.1K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Recurrent anterior shoulder instability frequently involves glenoid and humeral bone loss (73-93%).
  • Bone loss significantly impacts surgical choices and patient outcomes.
  • Evolving concepts, including bipolar bone loss and the glenoid track (GT), emphasize the interaction between glenoid and humeral defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review glenoid, humeral, and bipolar bone loss in anterior shoulder instability.
  • To elaborate on the "distance to dislocation" (DTD) concept for guiding management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on bone loss in shoulder instability.
  • Explanation of the glenoid track (GT) and Hill-Sachs interval (HSI) measurements.
  • Introduction and discussion of the "distance to dislocation" (DTD) calculation and its clinical relevance.

Main Results:

  • "Off-track" lesions (HSI > GT) are associated with higher re-instability rates if treated nonoperatively or with Bankart repair alone.
  • "On-track" lesions (HSI < GT) require nuanced assessment.
  • The DTD concept provides a quantitative measure to differentiate management strategies for "on-track" lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate assessment of glenoid and humeral bone loss is critical for managing anterior shoulder instability.
  • The DTD concept offers a valuable tool for refining treatment decisions, particularly for "on-track" lesions.
  • Understanding bipolar bone loss and the GT is essential for optimizing surgical planning and improving patient outcomes.