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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...

Physical Properties of Amines

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1

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[Neuropathy in n-hexane poisoning].

E S Druzhinina¹, A A Kozyreva¹, R T Bembeeva¹

¹Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova

|March 26, 2024

Summary

Chronic exposure to n-hexane can cause severe nerve damage, particularly in adolescents. This condition mimics inflammatory polyneuropathy, requiring careful diagnosis and management, with recovery potentially taking years.

Keywords:

electromyography n-hexane nerve biopsy pediatric toxic neuropathy

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1

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Published on: February 13, 2018

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Published on: February 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Neurology
Occupational Health

Context:

N-Hexane is a common industrial solvent used in manufacturing.
Chronic exposure can lead to significant health issues.
Differential diagnosis from inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is crucial.

Purpose:

To present three cases of severe polyneuropathy in adolescents due to n-hexane exposure.
To highlight the clinical and electrophysiological findings.
To discuss the diagnostic challenges and management of n-hexane neuropathy.

Summary:

Three adolescents (15-16 years old) developed severe, predominantly motor polyneuropathy with demyelinating features.
Electroneuromyography showed symmetrical nerve involvement with conduction blocks.
Sural nerve biopsy revealed swelling without inflammation, confirming n-hexane toxicity.

Impact:

This study underscores the neurotoxic effects of n-hexane, even in young individuals.
It emphasizes the need for awareness and preventative measures in occupational settings.
Highlights the long recovery period and lack of specific treatment for hexane poisoning.