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Firefighters' Occupational Exposure in Preparation for Wildfire Season: Addressing Biological Impact.

Filipa Esteves1,2,3,4, Klara Slezakova5, Joana Madureira1,2,3

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Summary

Wildland firefighters

Keywords:
biomonitoringbuccal micronucleus assayfirefightersinhaled dosenon-invasive samplesparticulate matter

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Occupational Medicine
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Wildland firefighters face occupational exposures beyond active fire suppression.
  • Fire station environments represent a potential source of exposure to particulate matter (PM).
  • Understanding pre-wildfire season exposures is crucial for establishing baseline health data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize occupational exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 in Northern Portuguese wildland firefighters at fire stations.
  • To assess the biological impact of estimated inhaled PM doses using the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay.
  • To investigate the influence of lifestyle factors (supplements, coffee, vegetables) on biological endpoints.

Main Methods:

  • Study involved 172 wildland firefighters in Northern Portugal during the pre-wildfire season of 2021.
  • Estimated inhaled doses of PM10 and PM2.5 were calculated.
  • Buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay was performed on exfoliated buccal cells from 80 firefighters.
  • Data on nutritional supplement intake, coffee, and vegetable consumption were collected.

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between estimated inhaled PM doses and biological endpoints (micronucleus frequencies).
  • Increased cell death parameters were observed in Permanent Intervention Teams (full-time firefighters).
  • Nutritional supplement intake correlated with decreased micronucleus frequencies.
  • Coffee consumption was linked to increased cell death, while vegetable intake showed a decrease.

Conclusions:

  • Fire station environments during the pre-wildfire season did not show a direct link between PM exposure and DNA damage markers.
  • Lifestyle factors significantly modulate biological responses in wildland firefighters.
  • Findings provide a baseline for future studies during the active wildfire season, highlighting the importance of diet and supplementation.