Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

2.7K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
2.7K
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

485
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
485
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

440
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
440
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

1.5K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
1.5K
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

565
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
565

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Initial postoperative alignment versus long-term outcomes in intermittent exotropia surgery.

Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·2026
Same author

Testability and test-retest reliability of SpotChecks Contrast Sensitivity Test in children with unilateral amblyopia.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same author

Artificial intelligence for detection and staging of Alzheimer's disease using retinal images.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same author

Guest editorial: Advances in Pediatrics and Binocular Vision Feature Issue.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026
Same author

Web-Based Amblyopia Decision Support Tool.

JAMA ophthalmology·2026
Same author

At-home visual acuity in children using a custom iPhone application compared with standardized in-office visual acuity testing.

Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity
05:46

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity

Published on: September 20, 2024

425

Refractive Error Change and Overminus Lens Therapy for Childhood Intermittent Exotropia.

, , Angela M Chen1

  • 1Southern California College of Optometry at Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton.

JAMA Ophthalmology
|March 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Overminus spectacle treatment for children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) led to increased myopia over three years. The risk of myopia progression with overminus lenses should be discussed with parents.

More Related Videos

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia
06:19

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia

Published on: September 27, 2024

211
Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity
05:46

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Refractive Surgical Correction for Presbyopia and Exploring Postoperative Visual Acuity

Published on: September 20, 2024

425
Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia
06:19

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia

Published on: September 27, 2024

211
Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Myopia Control

Background:

  • Increased myopic shift is linked to overminus spectacle treatment in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT).
  • The long-term persistence of this myopic shift after treatment cessation was previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare refractive error changes over three years in children with IXT who were initially treated with overminus versus nonoverminus spectacles.
  • To assess the sustained effect of overminus spectacle therapy on refractive error in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • An 18-month extension of a randomized trial involving children aged 3-10 years with IXT.
  • Participants were randomized to receive either overminus or nonoverminus spectacles for initial treatment periods.
  • Refractive error was measured using cycloplegic retinoscopy at baseline and 36-month follow-up.

Main Results:

  • The overminus group showed a greater mean myopic shift (-0.74 D) compared to the nonoverminus group (-0.44 D) at 36 months (adjusted difference: -0.36 D).
  • Children treated with overminus lenses had a higher risk of experiencing more than 1 D of myopic shift (26.8% vs 15%).
  • Myopic shift was similar between groups during the 2-year period after treatment cessation.

Conclusions:

  • The increased myopic shift associated with initial overminus lens treatment persisted at the 3-year mark.
  • Overminus spectacle treatment for IXT in children carries a risk of inducing or worsening myopia.
  • Parents should be informed about the potential for myopia progression when considering overminus lens treatment for IXT.