Effect of different thread configurations on hydrophilic implant stability. A split-mouth RCT

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Biomaterials Science
• Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

• Dental implant stability is critical for successful osseointegration and long-term function.
• Thread design and surface modifications significantly influence implant primary and secondary stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the primary and secondary stability of two hybrid implant designs with different thread configurations.
• To evaluate the impact of hybrid threads versus perforating threads on implant stability over 90 days.

Main Methods:

• A split-mouth randomized controlled trial involving 20 patients with partially edententate maxilla.
• Two types of cylindrical-tapered implants with hydrophilic surfaces were used: one with perforating threads (CTP) and another with hybrid threads (CTH).
• Implant stability was assessed using insertion torque and resonance frequency analysis (ISQ) at placement and at 7, 28, 56, and 90 days post-surgery.

Main Results:

• Implants in the CTH group exhibited significantly higher primary stability, evidenced by greater insertion torque and ISQ values at placement, compared to the CTP group.
• The CTH group consistently demonstrated higher ISQ values throughout all follow-up periods (7, 28, 56, and 90 days).
• Hybrid implants with combined perforating and condensing threads showed enhanced stability over implants with only perforating threads.

Conclusions:

• Hybrid implants incorporating both perforating and condensing threads provide superior primary and secondary stability in the maxilla.
• The CTH implant design may offer improved clinical outcomes due to enhanced osseointegration and mechanical interlocking.
• This study highlights the importance of advanced thread configurations in optimizing dental implant performance.