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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
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Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
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Consideration on the Intergenerational Ethics on Uranium Waste Disposal.

Hiroshi Yasuda1, Hiromichi Fumoto2, Tatsuo Saito3

  • 1Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1 Kasumi 2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan. hyasuda@hiroshima-u.ac.jp.

Current Environmental Health Reports
|March 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Disposing of uranium waste poses long-term health risks to future generations due to its persistent radioactivity. Innovative strategies are needed to protect them from this intergenerational ethical challenge.

Keywords:
DisposalIntergenerational ethicsRadioactiveResponsibilityUranium waste

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Ethics

Background:

  • Uranium waste presents unique long-term disposal challenges due to its persistent radioactivity and long half-life.
  • Radioactive decay of uranium produces progeny radionuclides, increasing radioactivity over extended periods.
  • Standard disposal methods for high-level radioactive waste are insufficient for uranium waste.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and provide insights into resolving intergenerational issues associated with uranium waste disposal.
  • To highlight the increased health risks for future generations compared to the current generation.
  • To emphasize the ethical responsibility of the current generation for future well-being.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on uranium waste disposal.
  • Analysis of the long-term radiological properties of uranium and its decay products.
  • Ethical framework analysis concerning intergenerational equity and responsibility.

Main Results:

  • Uranium waste's radioactivity increases for over 100,000 years, exceeding the lifespan of disposal facilities.
  • Protective measures like radiation attenuation and radionuclide confinement are less effective for uranium waste.
  • Effective long-term protection requires creative information dissemination to future generations.

Conclusions:

  • The current generation must protect future generations from the risks of buried uranium waste.
  • Intergenerational ethics necessitate novel approaches to uranium waste management.
  • Ensuring future generations can self-manage risks requires robust, long-term information transfer strategies.