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Quantum Implementation of the SAND Algorithm and Its Quantum Resource Estimation for Brute-Force Attack.

Hongyu Wu¹, Xiaoning Feng¹, Jiale Zhang²

¹College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 28, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study assessed the security of the SAND lightweight cipher using quantum computation. SAND-128 meets NIST security level I, but SAND-64 does not, despite efficient quantum implementation.

Keywords:

SAND algorithm brute-force attack grover algorithm lightweight block cipher

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Area of Science:

Cryptography
Quantum Computing
Information Security

Background:

The SAND algorithm is a family of lightweight AND-RX block ciphers introduced in 2022.
Assessing cryptographic security against quantum attacks is crucial for future-proofing data.

Purpose of the Study:

To present the first quantum implementation of the SAND algorithm (SAND-64 and SAND-128).
To evaluate the quantum resource consumption and security of SAND against quantum brute-force attacks.

Main Methods:

Developed a quantum circuit implementation for SAND-64 and SAND-128.
Employed a generalized Grover-based brute-force attack framework with a g-database algorithm.
Analyzed quantum resource consumption using the depth-times-width metric.

Main Results:

The quantum implementation of SAND showed lower resource consumption compared to existing lightweight algorithms.
SAND-128 demonstrated compliance with NIST security level I.
SAND-64 did not meet the security requirements for NIST security level I.

Conclusions:

The quantum implementation of SAND is resource-efficient.
SAND-128 offers adequate security against quantum attacks at NIST level I.
SAND-64's security is insufficient against current quantum attack models.