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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...

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Immune Analysis Using Vitreous Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in Rats with Steroid-Induced Glaucoma.

Maria J Rodrigo1,2,3, Manuel Subías1,2,4, Alberto Montolío5,6

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.

Biomedicines
|March 28, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glaucoma involves immune system changes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) detected more vitreous opacities in steroid-induced glaucoma models, suggesting OCT could be a glaucoma biomarker.

Keywords:
animal modelsglaucomainflammationoptical coherence tomographyvitreous body

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a complex disease influenced by immune system activity.
  • Subclinical immune responses are vital for homeostasis but can cause imbalances in pathological conditions like glaucoma.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can visualize immune cells in the vitreous humor as hyperreflective opacities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor changes in the vitreous immune cell profile in steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) animal models.
  • To compare immune responses between two SIG models using different drug delivery systems (dexamethasone and dexamethasone/fibronectin microspheres).
  • To investigate potential sex-based differences in immune responses and compare them to healthy controls over six months.

Main Methods:

  • Development of two steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) animal models using dexamethasone-loaded and dexamethasone/fibronectin-loaded microspheres.
  • Longitudinal monitoring of vitreous humor immune cell changes using OCT over a six-month period.
  • Computational analysis of hyperreflective opacities to characterize cell size, activation status, and motility.

Main Results:

  • SIG eyes exhibited increased intensity and number of vitreous opacities compared to controls (p < 0.05).
  • Dynamic fluctuations in different immune cell populations (isolated, non-activated, activated, and cell complexes) were observed.
  • Both SIG models showed an anti-inflammatory profile, with non-activated cells predominating. Smaller opacities (isolated cells) appeared as early responders, correlating with intraocular pressure spikes and increased motility.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperreflective opacities in the vitreous, detectable by OCT, show dynamic changes related to glaucoma progression.
  • These opacities, particularly smaller ones, may serve as early indicators of glaucomatous changes, even in the contralateral eye.
  • OCT-based analysis of vitreous opacities holds potential as a novel biomarker for glaucoma diagnosis and monitoring.