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Influence of Relative Age on Physical Condition and Academic Performance in Adolescents
Luis Miguel Fernández-Galván1,2, Noelia Belando-Pedreño3, Benito Yañez-Araque4
1Faculty of Sport Science, Jaime I University, 12006 Castellon de la Plana, Spain.
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2024
Summary
Birth quarter impacts adolescent physical performance, especially for males, but not academic results. Early birth advantages in physical fitness need tailored development strategies for all students.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Developmental Psychology
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Annual age grouping in education and sports can create relative age effects.
- These effects may disadvantage students born in certain months, impacting physical and academic outcomes.
- Understanding birth quarter influence is crucial for equitable development strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the impact of birth quarter on adolescent physical condition.
- To examine the correlation between physical fitness and academic performance.
- To identify potential disparities in physical and academic outcomes based on birth timing.
Main Methods:
- Study involved 79 secondary education students (mean age 13.46 years).
- Physical variables (explosive power, cardiorespiratory capacity, speed, flexibility, strength) assessed via standardized tests.
- Academic performance measured by average grades in key competencies; ANCOVA used for analysis.
Main Results:
- Male students born in Q1 showed superior physical condition (except cardiorespiratory capacity) compared to later quarters.
- Female students born in Q1 exhibited significantly higher explosive power.
- No significant intra-sex differences in academic performance were found; correlations between physical and academic variables were moderate to large.
Conclusions:
- Birth quarter significantly influences physical condition in adolescent males and explosive power in females.
- Academic performance was not significantly affected by birth quarter within this cohort.
- Developmental strategies for physical condition in adolescence should consider age and sex to meet diverse growth needs.
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