Organosulfur Compounds in Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Progression

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nutraceuticals
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health challenge.
• Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) are bioactive molecules found in foods like garlic and onions.
• Existing research suggests OSCs may possess anti-cancer properties relevant to CRC.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current research on the direct and indirect effects of organosulfur compounds on colorectal cancer.
• To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which OSCs impact colorectal cancer progression.
• To assess the translational potential of OSCs from in vitro findings to clinical applications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on organosulfur compounds and colorectal cancer.
• Analysis of molecular pathways targeted by OSCs, including apoptosis induction, cell signaling modulation, and angiogenesis inhibition.
• Evaluation of the impact of OSCs on cancer stem cells and multidrug resistance proteins.

Main Results:

• OSCs demonstrate direct anti-colorectal cancer effects, including apoptosis induction via histone deacetylase inhibition, reactive oxygen species generation, p53 activation, and $\beta$-catenin inhibition.
• OSCs can inhibit angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem cell populations.
• Indirect effects include modulation of intestinal microbiota and enhancement of intestinal mucosal health.
• OSCs bind to tubulin and activate TGF-$\beta$ signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

• Organosulfur compounds exhibit multifaceted mechanisms against colorectal cancer, targeting key pathways involved in tumorigenesis.
• While in vitro results are promising, further in vivo and clinical investigations are crucial to validate the therapeutic potential of these nutraceuticals.
• OSCs represent a potential avenue for novel colorectal cancer prevention and treatment strategies.