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Related Concept Videos

What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...

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Editorial for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Topical Collection.

Luis Martinez-Sobrido1, Fernando Almazán2

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A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. This virus caused a severe respiratory illness linked to wildlife exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Discovery of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in Wuhan, China, December 2019.
  • Initial case linked to a patient with respiratory disease and potential wild animal contact.
  • Identification of a new pathogen responsible for a significant public health concern.

Discussion:

  • The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 highlights the ongoing threat of zoonotic diseases.
  • Understanding the origins and transmission pathways is crucial for outbreak control.
  • The rapid identification of the virus was critical for initiating public health responses.

Key Insights:

  • A new human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has emerged.
  • The virus is associated with severe respiratory illness.
  • Zoonotic spillover events remain a significant global health risk.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to understand SARS-CoV-2's full spectrum of disease.
  • Continued surveillance for novel respiratory pathogens is essential.
  • International collaboration is vital for managing emerging infectious diseases.