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Self-Mixing Interferometer for Acoustic Measurements through Vibrometric Calibration.

Simon Chanu-Rigaldies1, Pierre Lecomte2, Sébastien Ollivier2

  • 1Ecole Centrale de Lyon, CNRS, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, LMFA, UMR5509, 69130 Ecully, France.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2024
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Summary

This study demonstrates using a Self-Mixing Interferometer (SMI) for accurate Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements in acoustic waveguides. The calibrated SMI sensor achieved results comparable to reference microphones across a wide frequency and amplitude range.

Keywords:
acoustic waveguidesacousto-optic sensorlaser feedback interferometrylinewidth enhancement factoroptical feedback factoroptical feedback interferometryoptical vibrometerself-mixing interferometrysound pressure level

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Optical Engineering
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Self-Mixing Interferometers (SMI) are self-aligned optical devices.
  • SMIs have been utilized for acoustic wave sensing via the acousto-optic effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt and validate the use of an SMI for measuring Sound Pressure Level (SPL) within acoustic waveguides.
  • To establish a calibration method for SMI sensors as acoustic pressure sensors.

Main Methods:

  • In situ calibration of the SMI as a vibrometer.
  • Estimation of optical feedback parameters (C and α) by solving nonlinear SMI behavior equations.
  • Validation using simulated SMI signals and comparison with a reference microphone.

Main Results:

  • Accurate estimation of SMI optical feedback parameters in the strong feedback regime (C≥4.6).
  • SPL measurements using the calibrated SMI showed a maximal deviation of 2.2 dB compared to a reference microphone.
  • Successful SPL measurement across a broad range of plane wave amplitudes (20–860 Pa) and frequencies (614–17,900 Hz).

Conclusions:

  • The Self-Mixing Interferometer can be effectively calibrated and utilized as a precise acoustic pressure sensor.
  • The method provides reliable SPL measurements in acoustic waveguides, demonstrating its practical applicability.
  • The study validates the SMI's potential for advanced acoustic sensing applications.