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Does ChatGPT Answer Otolaryngology Questions Accurately?

Matthew Maksimoski1,2, Anisha Rhea Noble1,2, David F Smith1,2,3

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ChatGPT demonstrates limited accuracy for otolaryngology medical questions, providing correct answers less than half the time. Patient-level queries were more accurate than those based on clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

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computersinnovationmachine learningpatient advocacy

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Publicly available artificial intelligence (AI) software, like ChatGPT, is gaining popularity for various applications.
  • Understanding the accuracy of AI in specialized medical fields is crucial for safe and effective use.
  • Otolaryngology (ENT) is a complex medical specialty with a significant body of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the accuracy of ChatGPT's responses to medical questions within the field of otolaryngology.
  • To compare the accuracy of ChatGPT's answers for patient-level questions versus questions derived from clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

Main Methods:

  • A ChatGPT session was initiated, and 93 otolaryngology-related questions were posed.
  • Questions covered major otolaryngology domains and were based on key action statements (KAS) from CPGs.
  • Twenty-one patient-level questions were also included, with all answers categorized as correct, partially correct, incorrect, or non-answer.

Main Results:

  • ChatGPT provided correct answers for 45.5% of questions overall (37.3% for CPG-based, 71.4% for patient-level).
  • Partially correct answers were given 31.8% of the time, and incorrect answers 21.6% of the time.
  • CPG-based questions were significantly less likely to be answered correctly than patient-level questions (p=0.003).

Conclusions:

  • ChatGPT exhibits significant limitations in providing accurate medical information for otolaryngology.
  • Physicians and patients should exercise caution and be aware of these limitations when using AI for medical information.
  • Future AI development should prioritize information from reputable sources and expert-authored content.