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Falls are a major risk for older adults, especially those with Alzheimer disease (AD). More research is needed to develop effective fall prevention strategies for both symptomatic and preclinical AD.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Falls are the leading cause of injury and mortality in older adults.
  • Older adults with Alzheimer disease (AD) experience falls at more than double the rate of cognitively normal individuals.
  • Existing fall prevention strategies are less effective for individuals with cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fall risk factors in symptomatic Alzheimer disease (AD).
  • To examine the evidence for fall prevention interventions in symptomatic AD.
  • To explore preclinical AD as a target for future falls research and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • This mini-review synthesizes existing literature on falls in Alzheimer disease (AD).
  • It analyzes intrinsic and extrinsic fall risk factors in both symptomatic and preclinical AD.
  • The review assesses the efficacy of current fall prevention interventions.

Main Results:

  • Older adults with AD face significant fall risks due to cognitive changes, mobility impairments, polypharmacy, and environmental hazards.
  • Current fall prevention interventions for AD are limited and inconclusive.
  • Falls may occur during the preclinical stage of AD, indicating a need for early detection.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for early detection and tailored interventions to reduce fall risk in individuals with AD.
  • Understanding fall risk factors in preclinical AD is essential for developing effective, precision fall prevention strategies.
  • Further research is recommended to improve the understanding and prevention of falls in at-risk populations.