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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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In Vitro Investigation of the Effects of the Hyaluronan-Rich Extracellular Matrix on Neural Crest Cell Migration
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Nidogen in development and disease.

Uwe Töpfer1, Anne Holz2

  • 1Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|March 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nidogen (entactin) is a key glycoprotein essential for basement membrane structure and function. This review details its role in tissue maintenance, development, and neuronal plasticity, highlighting its medical significance.

Keywords:
basement membranecollagendandy-walker malformationentactinextracellular matrixlaminin

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Extracellular Matrix Research

Background:

  • Nidogen (entactin) is a multifunctional glycoprotein vital for basement membrane (BM) integrity.
  • It acts as a crucial bridging molecule, connecting diverse extracellular matrix (ECM) components.
  • Its functions extend to morphogenesis and neuronal plasticity, underscoring its broad biological relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Nidogen's structural features, molecular interactions, and functions.
  • To elucidate Nidogen's role as a linchpin in the BM, linking various ECM elements.
  • To explore Nidogen's contributions to tissue development, homeostasis, and pathological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on Nidogen.
  • Analysis of structural and interaction data.
  • Discussion of functional roles in physiological and pathological contexts.

Main Results:

  • Nidogen's critical role in maintaining BM structure and organization.
  • Its involvement in cell adhesion, migration, and signaling pathways.
  • Evidence of its impact on tissue development and neuronal plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Nidogen is indispensable for BM integrity and diverse cellular processes.
  • Understanding Nidogen's functions offers insights into tissue homeostasis and disease.
  • Further research into Nidogen's mechanisms can reveal therapeutic targets.