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Cancer burden attributable to risk factors, 1990-2019: A comparative risk assessment
Junjie Hu1, Hongliang Dong2,3, Yiming Dong4
1Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
Iscience
|March 29, 2024
Summary
Nearly half of all cancer cases are preventable by addressing key risk factors. Cancer burden increased significantly from 1990 to 2019, with tobacco, diet, and alcohol being major contributors.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Assessing the cancer burden linked to risk factors is crucial for effective prevention strategies.
- The Global Burden and Disease Study (GBD) provides comprehensive data for such analyses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively assess the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) linked to 11 level 2 risk factors using GBD 2019 data.
- To identify key modifiable risk factors contributing to the global cancer burden and track changes over time.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of population attributable fraction (PAF) for cancer DALYs.
- Utilized data from the Global Burden and Disease Study (GBD) 2019.
- Examined 11 level 2 risk factors and their contribution to cancer burden from 1990 to 2019.
Main Results:
- Almost half of all cancer DALYs are attributable to modifiable risk factors.
- The total attributable cancer DALYs increased by 60.42% (105.0 million) between 1990 and 2019.
- Top five risk factors identified: tobacco, dietary risks, alcohol use, high body-mass index, and air pollution.
- Increasing trends observed in PAFs for high fasting plasma glucose, high body-mass index, and low physical activity.
- Unsafe sex was the leading risk factor for women under 54.
Conclusions:
- A significant portion of the global cancer burden is preventable through risk factor modification.
- Targeted, population-specific prevention programs are essential to reduce future cancer burden.
- Continued monitoring of risk factor trends is necessary for public health interventions.
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