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Extracting bioactive compounds and proteins from Bacopa monnieri using natural deep eutectic solvents.

Tan Phat Vo1,2, Tran Ha Phuong Nguyen1,2, Vy Khang Nguyen1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Biofuel and Biomass Research, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

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Summary

This study optimized natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) extraction for Bacopa monnieri. The combined ultrasonic-microwave-enzymatic-assisted extraction (UMEAE) method proved most effective for recovering bioactive compounds and proteins.

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

  • Bacopa monnieri is a medicinal herb rich in bioactive compounds.
  • Efficient extraction of these compounds is crucial for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
  • Conventional extraction methods often have limitations in yield and sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize novel extraction methods for bioactive compounds and proteins from Bacopa monnieri leaves.
  • To evaluate the efficiency of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES).
  • To identify the most effective extraction conditions and method for maximizing the recovery of phenolics, proteins, flavonoids, and terpenoids.

Main Methods:

  • Employed natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for extraction.
  • Investigated ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) individually and in combination.
  • Optimized parameters such as solvent-to-solid ratio (LSR), power, temperature, time, and enzyme concentration.
  • Utilized Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to analyze leaf surface changes post-extraction.
  • Compared seven different extraction methods to determine the optimal approach.

Main Results:

  • Optimized UAE conditions: 50 mL/g LSR, 600W, 30% water, 40°C, 1 min.
  • Optimized MAE conditions: 40 mL/g LSR, 400W, 30% water, 3 min.
  • Optimized EAE conditions: 30 mL/g LSR, 20 U/g enzyme, L-Gly-Na molar ratio 2:4:1, 40% water, 60 min.
  • The combined ultrasonic-microwave-enzymatic-assisted extraction (UMEAE) method demonstrated the highest efficiency in extracting phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and proteins.
  • SEM analysis provided insights into the physical changes of Bacopa monnieri leaves after extraction.

Conclusions:

  • NADES offer a sustainable and effective medium for extracting valuable compounds from Bacopa monnieri.
  • The UMEAE method significantly enhances the recovery of diverse bioactive compounds and proteins.
  • This study provides an optimized and efficient extraction strategy for Bacopa monnieri constituents, with potential applications in various industries.