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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biogeochemistry
  • Oceanography
  • Carbon Cycling

Background:

  • Marine calcium carbonate (CaCO3) cycles are vital for ocean ecosystems and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) regulation.
  • Understanding CaCO3 cycling drivers, particularly in the upper ocean, remains incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms and impact of CaCO3 dissolution in upper ocean marine aggregates.
  • To quantify the role of upper ocean CaCO3 dissolution in ocean alkalinity and CO2 uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Global-scale analysis of marine aggregate composition and dissolution.
  • Modeling of microenvironment conditions within settling aggregates.
  • Assessment of CaCO3 dissolution's impact on ocean alkalinity and CO2 buffering capacity.

Main Results:

  • Heterotrophic respiration in marine aggregates creates localized undersaturated microenvironments, leading to rapid CaCO3 dissolution.
  • Upper ocean CaCO3 dissolution increases the ocean's capacity to neutralize respired CO2 by up to 6% in low-latitude thermocline waters.
  • Deep ocean CaCO3 dissolution is mainly governed by thermodynamic solubility, with lower burial fluxes in corrosive North Pacific waters.

Conclusions:

  • Upper ocean CaCO3 dissolution significantly contributes to ocean alkalinity, enhancing CO2 uptake.
  • This process is sensitive to ocean export production and plays a critical role in regulating atmospheric CO2 levels.
  • Without upper ocean dissolution, the ocean's CO2 uptake could decrease by 20% in key upwelling regions.