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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Microelectrode Guided Implantation of Electrodes into the Subthalamic Nucleus of Rats for Long-term Deep Brain Stimulation
Published on: October 2, 2015
Efficacy of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus internus on sensory complaints
Maria Gabriela S Ghilardi1, Ana Carolina P Campos2, Rubens G Cury3,4
1Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract:
Pain control after deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. Following six months, subthalamic (STN)-DBS reduced sensory complaints related to parkinsonism and bodily discomfort, increasing central beta-endorphin level. Pallidal GPi-DBS decreased bodily discomfort and beta-endorphin levels. Unexplained pain by other conditions and bodily discomfort were negatively correlated with beta-endorphin levels. Thus, DBS regulates central opioids, and prioritizing STN is important for PD patients with significant sensory complications.
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