Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 29, 2025
07:04
Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
Published on: May 2, 2025
307
Endocrinopathies Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Use
Anupam Kotwal1, Randol Kennedy2, Nupur Kikani3
1Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
Summary
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated endocrinopathies, like thyroiditis, often cause permanent hormone deficiency. While ICI-thyroiditis may improve cancer survival, other endocrinopathies do not significantly impact outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are crucial cancer therapies.
- Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can affect any organ system.
- Endocrine glands are frequent targets of ICI-induced irAEs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline a clinical approach for ICI-associated endocrinopathies.
- To examine the link between these conditions and cancer outcomes.
- To identify factors differentiating them from other irAEs and propose health system innovations.
Main Methods:
- Literature search on ICIs and endocrinopathies.
- Incorporation of expert opinions from authors.
Main Results:
- Endocrinopathies, particularly thyroiditis, are common ICI-related irAEs.
- ICI-associated endocrinopathies are distinct from classic autoimmune endocrine diseases.
- Management requires long-term hormone replacement, with ICI discontinuation rarely needed.
- ICI-thyroiditis is linked to improved cancer survival; other endocrinopathies show no significant outcome association.
Conclusions:
- This review offers guidance for clinicians managing ICI-associated endocrinopathies.
- Oncoendocrinology teams can enhance patient care.
- The findings complement existing scientific frameworks.
Keywords:
adrenal insufficiencycancer immunotherapydiabetes mellitushypophysitishypothyroidismthyroiditisMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:27Tumor Immunotherapy
523
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
523
01:19Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
28
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
28
01:29Autoimmune Disorders
430
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
430
01:25Immunodeficiency Diseases
937
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
937
01:27Adrenal Gland Disorders
1.5K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
1.5K
01:40Cell-mediated Immune Responses
68.2K
Overview
68.2K