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Flexible Supercapacitor with Wide Electrochemical Stable Window Based on Hydrogel Electrolyte
Zhixian Qi1,2,3, Ruili Ren1,2, Jingwen Hu1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
This study introduces a novel hydrogel electrolyte for flexible micro-supercapacitors. It enhances energy density and operating voltage by reducing free water activity, overcoming temperature limitations.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Hydrogel electrolytes offer flexibility for supercapacitors but suffer from freezing and drying issues, limiting their performance.
- Low energy density is a key challenge for micro-supercapacitor development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To enhance the operating voltage and energy density of flexible micro-supercapacitors.
- To improve the thermal stability and performance of hydrogel electrolytes.
Main Methods:
- Developed a sodium alginate/polyacrylamide (SA/PAAM) hydrogel electrolyte incorporating N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) and NaClO4 via solvent exchange.
- Fabricated micro-supercapacitors using direct adhesion of the hydrogel electrolyte and laser-induced graphene (LIG).
Main Results:
- The SA/PAAM/DMF/NaClO4 hydrogel electrolyte achieved high ionic conductivity (82.1 mS cm-1), breaking strength (563.2 kPa), and a wide voltage window (3.5 V).
- Micro-supercapacitors demonstrated a 2.0 V operating voltage, specific capacitance of 2.41 mF cm-2, and energy density of 1.34 µWh cm-2.
- The devices exhibited excellent cycle stability, flexibility, and integration capabilities.
Conclusions:
- The proposed strategy effectively reduces free water activity, enhancing supercapacitor performance and stability.
- This flexible hydrogel electrolyte offers a promising solution for advanced micro-supercapacitor applications.
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