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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

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Gender Disparities in Endowed Professorships Within Orthopaedic Surgery.

Alicia M Asturias1, Aboubacar Wague1, Leena A Feeley1

  • 1Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.

Cureus
|April 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Women hold significantly fewer endowed professorships in orthopaedic surgery and musculoskeletal research compared to men. This disparity persists despite similar National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for top researchers.

Keywords:
equity and inclusiongender equityinclusion and diversityorthopedic surgeonunderrepresented gender and racial minoritywomen in medicinewomen in orthopaedic surgerywomen in surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Musculoskeletal Research
  • Academic Medicine

Background:

  • Orthopaedic surgery has a low representation of women in full-time faculty positions (19%).
  • Endowed chairs are highly coveted academic positions, yet women are underrepresented.
  • This study investigates gender disparities in endowed professorships within orthopaedic surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if gender is associated with holding endowed professorships in US top 100 orthopaedic academic centers.
  • To assess gender association with National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for top musculoskeletal (MSK) researchers.
  • To analyze differences in academic productivity metrics between genders in MSK research.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of faculty data from top 100 US orthopaedic academic centers.
  • Identification of top MSK researchers receiving over $400,000 in annual NIH funding (2018-2021).
  • Compilation and statistical comparison of institutional, gender, H-index, citation, and subspecialty data for endowed professors.

Main Results:

  • Women held only 6.7% of endowed professorships (13/194) in top orthopaedic departments, with a significant odds ratio (OR) of 2.95 favoring men.
  • For top MSK researchers, the OR favoring men for endowments increased to 11.4.
  • Differences in H-index, publications, and graduation year between genders were noted in orthopaedic-trained surgeons but not in broader medical subspecialty departments.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial gender inequities exist at the endowed professorship level in orthopaedic surgery.
  • Unique challenges within orthopaedic surgery environments may contribute to endowment disparities for women.
  • Gender was not found to be associated with funding bias among top-performing MSK researchers.